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Archive for the ‘energy policy’ Category

Polymetallic nodules contain critical metals (TMC images)

“the committee directs the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy shall, by March 1, 2024, submit a report to the House Armed Services Committee assessing the processing of seabed resources of polymetallic nodules domestically. The report shall include, at a minimum, the following:
(1) a review of current resources and controlling parties in securing seabed resources of polymetallic nodules;
(2) an assessment of current domestic deep-sea mining and material processing capabilities; and
(3) a roadmap recommending how the United States can have the ability to source and/or process critical minerals in innovative arenas, such as deep-sea mining, to decrease reliance on sources from foreign adversaries and bolster domestic competencies.

NDAA, p. 230

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Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge bids at Sale 259: blue=1 bid, red=2 bids, green=3 bids

Based solely on a comparison of the bids (Sale 261 vs. Sale 259), the Sale 259 rejections were, on balance, to the benefit of the public (table below). On the plus side:

  • Assuming all of the high Sale 261 bids are accepted, the net gain to the US Treasury is $8,749,365
  • Of the 14 tracts with rejected high bids at Sale 259, 8 received bids at Sale 261
  • Seven of those 8 bids were higher than the Sale 259 high bids, and 5 of those 7 were more than $1 million higher.
  • The Sale 259 bid rejections in the Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge areas proved to be 100% beneficial. All 6 of those tracts received much higher bids at Sale 261.
  • The best BOEM decisions were the rejections of the Sale 259 bids for AT 5 and WR 795 and 796. The Sale 261 high bids on these 3 tracts were $10.8 million higher than the Sale 259 bids.
  • WR 795 and 796 were single bid tracts at Sale 259.
  • AT 5 received 3 bids at Sale 259. BOEM rejected the high bid despite the competitive bidding. That proved to be the right call given that the Sale 261 high bid was $3.5 million higher.

On the other hand:

  • None of the 5 Green Canyon rejections received any bids at Sale 261.
  • The high bid for GC 777 was rejected twice (Sales 257 and 259) at a cost of $1.8 million, the BP/Talos high bid at Sale 257. At sale 259, BP was the sole bidder for GC 777, and their bid was only $583,000, less than 1/3 of their Sale 257 bid. GC 777 received no bids at Sale 261.
  • The worst BOEM Sale 259 decisions were the rejections of the DC 622, GC 547, and GC 591 bids at a cost of $4.6 million ($5.2 if the Sale 261 bid for DC 622 is rejected).
  • This is not to say that the tracts with rejected bids will not ultimately be leased. However, the uncertainty regarding future sales changes the historic GoM leasing dynamic. The next opportunity for purchasing unleased tracts is a troubling unknown. Absent leasing and exploration, their resource and revenue potential will never be known.
area and blockSale 259 high bid – companySale 261 high bidgovt gain (loss)
DC 6222,101,836 – Shell615,628* – Shell(1,486,208)
GC 173307,107 – Woodsideno bid(307,107)
GC 5471,783,498 – Chevronno bid(1,783,498)
GC 5911,291,993 – Chevronno bid(1,291,993)
GC 642605,505 – Anadarkono bid(605,505)
GC 777583,103 – bpno bid(583,103)
AT 51,551,130 – Anadarko5,215,628* – Shell3,664,498
AT 133607,107 – Woodsideno bid(607,107)
KC 745707,777 – Beacon2,422,222 – Beacon1,714,445
KC 789707,777 – Beacon2,143,299 – Beacon1,435,522
WR 794724,744 – Beacon1,487,624 – Beacon762,880
WR 795774,242 – Beacon5,301,107 – Woodside4,526,865
WR 796774,242 – Beacon3,310,107 – Woodside2,535,865
WR 750724,744 – Beacon1,498,555 – Beacon773,811
*The BOEM sale 261 bid summary misidentifies the DC 622 and AT 5 bids as being for MC 622 and GC 5 respectively. The corrected identification above is based on the “Blocks Receiving Bids” file correlated with the block number and company code.

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Foreground (L to R) Lucy Querques Denett, Carolita Kallaur (RIP), Carole Hartgen, Vicki Agnew (RIP); Rear (L ro R) David Sutfin, Willie Taylor; photo credit: Keith Good

As we await Lease Sale 261, Carol Hartgen, my long-time colleague and founder of the 5 year OCS leasing program, voiced astonishment that the new 5 year plan was only for the purpose of scheduling 3 lease sales required by Congress as prerequisites to offshore wind lease auctions.  Carol provides some historical context:

I couldn’t believe the release of the final Five Year Program as just a necessity to hold offshore wind sales.  Back in 1969, Carolita Kallaur, Joan Davenport and I worked on a 5-year schedule based on the supply and demand needs of the nation. That approach, which developed into the elaborate process in the OCS Lands Act and the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act, is a thing of the past. Over.those 50 plus years, politics from both sides of the aisle always drove the changes

Related: How NOT to manage our oil and gas leasing program

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The announcement boasts about “the fewest oil and gas lease sales in history” while seemingly apologizing for holding any sales at all.

Consistent with the requirements of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) concerning offshore conventional and renewable energy leasing, the Department of the Interior today published the final 2024–2029 National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program (Program) with the fewest oil and gas lease sales in history.

These three lease sales are the minimum number that will enable the Interior Department’s offshore wind energy program to continue issuing leases in a way that will ensure continued progress towards the Administration’s goal of 30 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2030.  

DOI

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This impressive NOAA study confirms the importance of Nantucket Shoals as a feeding ground for right whales and implies a need for protective measures in months (October through December) when the existing restrictions do not apply.

“The importance of Nantucket Shoals as a feeding ground for the critically endangered North Atlantic right whales within the southern New England wind energy is well understood (Leiter et al., 2017; Quintana-Rizzo et al., 2021; Estabrook et al., 2022). Similarly, year round presence of this species has been demonstrated since as early as 2011 (Quintana-Rizzo et al., 2021; Estabrook et al., 2022), showing that North Atlantic right whales have consistently used this region for well over a decade. Currently, the National Marine Fisheries Services and Bureau of Ocean Energy Managements policy is to exclude pile driving during the months of January through April in the southern New England wind energy area. Evaluation of the need for further management protections are needed for North Atlantic right whales especially in October through December, along with further assessment of risk to this species (Southall et al., 2023).

A map of the southern New England planned offshore wind energy lease areas off the East Coast of the United States (insert). Passive acoustic recorders (SoundTrap and F-POD recorders) were deployed for varying time periods (see Table 1) between January 2020 and November 2022 at seven sites surrounding the wind energy areas.

Note (below) the acoustic presence of the North Atlantic Right Whale (NARW) from Oct. through April.

Weekly acoustic presence summary of eight cetacean species (harbour porpoise, sperm whale, humpback whale, minke whale, North Atlantic right whale (NARW), sei whale, fin whale, blue whale) and one family (Delphinid sp.). The boxplots represent the median number of days of acoustic presence per calendar week across all data at four recording sites, in the southern New England offshore wind energy area. Only recorders with 2 or more years of data (NS01, NS02, COX01, and COX02) were used. Horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median, box boundaries indicate the 25th (lower quartile) and 75th (upper quartile) percentiles, vertical lines indicate the largest (upper whisker) and smallest (lower whisker) values no further than 1.5 times the interquartile range, and black dots represent outliers.

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BlockOperatorPartnerswater depth (m)area (sq km)
63Petronas (100%)<13005425
64Total (40%)Qatar Energy (30%)
Petronas (30%)
1300-17006262
65Shell (60%)Qatar Energy (40%)1300-17005000+

Through the PSCs, Staatsolie extends the rights for exploration, development and production to these companies. The costs and risks during the exploration period are fully covered by the latter. The exploration period consists of three phases and will last seven years. An exploration well will be drilled in both Block 64 and Block 65 in the first phase, which will last three years. In Block 63 the first exploration well follows in the second phase of the exploration period. In the event of an oil or gas discovery that is declared commercial, Staatsolie has the right to participate in all three blocks for a maximum of twenty percent from the development period

Staatsolie

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COP28:

The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) closed today with an agreement that signals the “beginning of the end” of the fossil fuel era by laying the ground for a swift, just and equitable transition, underpinned by deep emissions cuts and scaled-up finance.

UN Climate Change News, 12/13/2023

Real world:

“That intrinsic demand that is not visible is so significant that we don’t see demand peaking – I don’t think we’ll see [oil] demand peaking in our lifetimes,” he said. “Particularly as demand growth in [emerging markets] continues to surprise the upside.” 

Christyan Malek, JPMorgan’s top energy strategist

The 19th century is known as the “century of coal,” but, as the technology scholar Vaclav Smil has noted, not until the beginning of the 20th century did coal actually overtake wood as the world’s No. 1 energy source. Moreover, past energy transitions have also been “energy additions”—one source atop another. Oil, discovered in 1859, did not surpass coal as the world’s primary energy source until the 1960s, yet today the world uses almost three times as much coal as it did in the ’60s.

Dan Yergin

You be the judge.

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This should be an interesting sale. Below are some of the questions that may be answered:

  • Will the Rice’s whale issues affect bidding for deepwater leases? The 5th Circuit’s ruling removes the Rice’s whale lease stipulation. However, BOEM’s Notice to Lessees and Operators (NTL) includes the same provisions and still stands pending further consultations with NOAA. Although the NTL is a “guidance document” (wink-wink), there are ways of making it stick through the plan approval process. Even without binding requirements, companies might choose to fully comply with the NTL to minimize legal risks.
  • Will the uncertainty about future sales spur or constrain bidding? Absent legislative action, no sale will be held in 2025.
  • Will the 14 blocks with rejected high bids at Sale 259 receive bids at Sale 261? If so, will the bids be higher or lower? Is it prudent to reject high bids without knowing when the next sale might be held?
  • Will bp, Chevron, Shell, Equinor, Oxy, and Woodside continue to be bullish on the GoM?
  • Will Red Willow Offshore, owned by the Southern Ute tribe, again be an active bidder?
  • Will Exxon again seek to acquire carbon sequestration leases at an oil and gas lease sale? After a long absence, it would be good to see the US super-major acquire leases for oil and gas purposes. Ditto for ConocoPhillips.
  • How many companies will participate in the sale? 30-35 would be a nice outcome.
  • What will be the sum of the high bids? >$300 million would be a solid result.

BOEM will live stream the opening of bids at 9 am CDT on Dec. 20, 2023

BOEM

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BOEM diminishes the credibility of their important (and generally excellent) scientific, lease administration, and regulatory work with over-the-top wind energy promotion. The tweet below is a recent example.

This is not a good look for the bureau that is expected to objectively evaluate offshore wind projects. Leave the hype to the wind industry and its NGO supporters.

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Huh? Since 9/1/2023, the SPR has increased from 350.34 million bbls to 351.9 million bbs, a total of only 1.56 million bbls. From the historic low of 346.76 bbls on 7/7/2023, the SPR has increased by just 5.14 million bbls, and remains at only 48% full. The total refill since the 2023 low amounts to only 0.7% of capacity.

DOE knew that refilling the SPR would be a very slow process given the significant acquisition, operational, and maintenance challenges. Nonetheless, political concerns about oil prices were prioritized and the reserve was recklessly depleted.

Prediction: The SPR will still be <400 million bbls at the end of 2024.

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