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Archive for the ‘Norway’ Category

On Constitution Day, best wishes to our Norwegian friends!

This JL Daeschler photo was taken in Stavanger harbor in 2003. JL’s wife Debra, a Petrodata Marine editor, is pictured in the foreground. The rig in the background is the Maersk (now Noble) Innovator, a large jackup capable of operating in water depths to 492 ft. The legs are 674 ft (Washington Monument = 555 ft).

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As promised, the Norwegian petroleum safety regulator (Havtil) has posted their risk trend report (RNNP) for 2023 in English.

Havtil prioritizes risk assessment and publishes their comprehensive annual analysis of safety trends in a timely manner. The 2023 RNNP was posted in Norwegian earlier this year and the summary report is already available in English. RNNP reports are an important safety resource that should be reviewed and discussed wherever oil and gas operations are conducted.

As an example of the breadth of these reviews, the two sets of charts below convey data that are not typically documented by offshore safety regulators. The first set documents near-misses that did not result in injuries, but did expose workers to that risk.

The second set of charts is a summary of worker responses to a survey, a means of assessing the safety culture. The big jump in favorable responses to the HSE questions is encouraging. In particular, the report notes (p. 14) that responses to a question about being pressured not to report incidents has moved in a positive direction in the last two surveys. Hopefully, this is an industry-wide trend.

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PSA Norway, now Havtil, has long been a pacesetter in analyzing offshore incident and performance data, and publishing timely, comprehensive assessments. Their key findings for 2023 are pasted below (emphasis added):

  • Hydrocarbon leaks: four on the NCS in 2023 – the lowest figure since the RNNP survey began. None of them are considered particularly serious.
  • Well control incidents: 11 in 2023. The level is stable, with the figure unchanged from 2022, and all had a low potential.
  • Structural damage: three incidents were reported in 2023, a halving from the year before.
  • Total major accident indicator: the annual value is the lowest ever, and the average for the past three years declined. No particularly serious incidents occurred in 2023.
  • Personal injuries: no accidents resulting in fatalities occurred in the petroleum sector during 2023, while 25 serious personal injuries were reported. The serious injury frequency rose to 0.6 per million hours worked (back to the 2021 level), and lay within the expected range based on the 10 previous years.
  • Questionnaire survey: responses to this biennial poll showed an improvement from 2021 in most of the indices for the HSE climate and the psychosocial working environment. Furthermore, some challenges are seen with regard to language and parallel operations leading to hazardous conditions.

Havtil informs me that the complete “Trends in Risk Level (RNNP)” report for 2023 will be available in English later this month. A link to the report will be posted on this blog.

On a related note, JL Daeschler has brought The Norwegian Oil Pioneer Club’s website to my attention. Those interested in the history of North Sea exploration and production should take a look! A couple of pictures from the site are pasted below.

Svein and Axel, North Sea pioneers, 1966
Sinking of the Ocean Prince, 1968

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JL Daeschler is a pioneering subsea engineer and artist extraordinaire who is a native of France (Brittany) and lives in Scotland. He has shared 2 more of his exceptional drawings. (Click on the images to enlarge.)

This is a drawing of the Ocean Viking (Odeco) in the Norwegian North Sea in 1968. The rig was built in Oslo as a sister ship to the Ocean Traveler, which was already working at the same location. The Ekofisk field was discovered later in 1969.
The mast-type derrick could be lowered for long ocean tow or bridge clearance. It would have been difficult to evacuate a 100 + personnel to the standby vessel, a decommissioned trawler. Things have changed so much in 56 years!
Inclined jack up legs with rack and pinion drive ( Marathon Le Tourneau), Gulf of Mexico

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Bud and Odd (2008 photo)
L to R: Jan de Jong (Inspector General, State Supervision of Mines, the Netherlands), Max Ruelokke (CEO, Canada – Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board), and Odd FInnestad

Yesterday, I learned that Odd Bjerre Finnestad passed away on Christmas Eve, 2021. Odd was an international safety leader, a founder of the International Regulators’ Forum (IRF), and a driving force behind the IRF book, “A legacy of safety.”

In 2003, the US Minerals Management Service honored Odd, two other Norwegians, Magne Ognedal and Gunnar Berge, and Taf Powell from the UK, with International Leadership Awards for their outstanding leadership in facilitating the exchange of information among offshore regulatory agencies, encouraging cooperation on offshore safety and pollution prevention issues, coordinating participation in the development of international standards, cooperating on safety audits and research projects, compiling incident data, exchanging training information and discussing materials and equipment issues.

Odd was also an important contributor to this blog during the difficult times following the Montara and Macondo blowouts in 2009 and 2010.

Pasted below is the English language version of the excellent obituary that appeared in the Stavanger Aftenblad. RIP Odd; your impressive contributions to offshore safety are greatly appreciated.

Memorial: Odd Bjerre Finnestad died on Christmas Eve 2021, aged 79.
Odd was employed by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (OD) in 1980, later the Petroleum Safety Authority (Ptil) when resource and safety management was divided into two agencies in 2004. He worked there until his retirement in 2013.

Born in the maritime city of Stavanger, he chose a maritime career. As a young naval officer, he met his Anna Dorothy in Londonderry in Northern Ireland. They married in 1967, and our thoughts go out to her and the rest of the family today.
His maritime education and experience led Odd to a scholarship position at the Norwegian Institute of Maritime Research and a research program focusing on personal safety at sea. This was an important experience as head of the Section for Worker Protection and the Working Environment in NPD.

Even though most of the Working Environment Act had been applied to permanent installations on the Norwegian continental shelf as early as 1977, demands for employee participation and tripartite cooperation met resistance in parts of the industry.

Odd took on the big challenges with great commitment. On the drilling deck there was still something of the cowboy culture, where safety and the working environment had poor conditions. Several of the residential quarters appeared to be barrack-like accommodation and little had yet been arranged for women in the new industry.

He was concerned that the professional environment should have professional diversity, and that the work should be anchored in research and development. At a time when the share of women offshore was minimal, he was a driving force behind realizing the film project “Norwegian continental shelf – also for women”.

The major accidents with the Bravo blowout in 1977 and the Alexander L Kielland disaster in 1980 had documented the risks in the business in the worst possible way. With these as a backdrop, he participated in the work to develop a new supervision scheme with subsequent information work. This laid the foundation for a three-year engagement at the International Labor Organization (ILO) in Geneva from 1989, where he worked on a global study on various inspection regimes related to the working environment.

For the rest of his professional life, Odd was closely linked to international cooperation at government level. The most important arena was the International Regulators ́ Forum (IRF) where the Ptil director represented the Norwegian authorities. The forum meets annually, but much of the work takes place through ongoing contact between the participating countries. This is where Odd’s ability to see connections and make strategic contacts came in handy. He actively contributed to the IRF developing a culture for rapid and effective exchange of information on risk levels, regulations and supervision.

Odd monitored all channels almost around the clock, in order to convey news of interest. Often before these were picked up by the world press. He thereby also became an important contributor to Ptil’s information environment.

It is a pioneer in Ptil’s role as watchdog and promoter of safety and the working environment in the petroleum industry who has now passed away. We will remember Odd as a committed colleague and friend.

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Remembering the 123 offshore workers who lost their lives on this day in 1980 in one of the offshore industry’s great tragedies 🙏

See the excellent interview with Magne Ognedal that describes the evolution of Norway’s highly regarded offshore regulatory regime following the Alexander Kielland tragedy.

Photo: Norwegian Petroleum Museum

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The Sikorsky S-92 helicopter is the most advanced aircraft in Sikorsky’s civil product line, certified to the most stringent safety requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).” 

One person has died following the helicopter crash outside Bergen in Norway on the night of Wednesday 28th February. The helicopter was on a training assignment for Equinor ’s SAR service for the Oseberg area in the North Sea.

Equinor

Search and rescue service is critical to offshore safety, and North Sea operators have excellent SAR capabilities. Sadly, one person died and five were injured (two seriously) when a Sikorsky S-92 helicopter, owned by Bristow and under contract to Equinor, crashed offshore Bergen last night. The crew was training to serve offshore workers in need.

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Background:

  • Last summer, Trident Energy exercised multiple options for the use of the Island Innovator semi-submersible (pictured above), extending the duration of the Equatorial Guinea contract to approximately 230 days.
  • The rig arrived in Equatorial Guinea in Nov. 2023.
  • On 7 Feb, a Trident team briefed Equatorial Guinea Minister of Mines and Hydrocarbons Antonio Oburu Ondo about problems with the Innovator’s BOP system. Apparently, Island Drilling, the rig owner, was not present at that meeting.
  • Mr. Ondo subsequently reported that the BOP had serious problems and failed to respond to control system commands.
  • Trident terminated the rig contract on safety grounds.
  • Island has publicly responded that (1) the Trident statements are inaccurate, (2) there have been no critical safety incidents, (3) the BOP has been checked and tested by the OEM representative on the rig and declared safe and ready for operations, and (4) they will challenge the contract termination.

Questions & comments:

  • Since the rig had just arrived on location, the BOP issues were presumably identified during onboard stump testing. Were corrective measures discussed? Why was contract termination deemed necessary?
  • Island’s statement indicates that the rig was tested with the OEM representative present. Presumably those tests were in accordance with API S53 or the ISO equivalent.
  • Had inspections and maintenance also been conducted in accordance with the standard? Did Trident inspect the rig and review maintenance and testing records before signing the contract?
  • Have other companies had similar issues with the Innovator? None have been identified in my web search.
  • Was a bridging document in place to address differences in Trident/Island management systems? If so, what does that document say about BOP inspection and oversight.
  • Why was the drilling contractor not present at the meeting with the Equatorial Guinea authorities? Was Island advised that the contract was being terminated prior to that meeting? Did the authorities speak with Island to hear their side of the story?
  • Does the contract provide for mandatory arbitration in the event of such disagreements?
  • Could other factors have influenced the cancellation decision? I was involved with an arbitration case involving an operator that used safety issues as the reason for terminating an expensive long-term rig contract. The arbitration panel ruled in favor of the drilling contractor resulting in a very large payment to the rig owner. Ironically, serious safety violations by the operating company (but not the drilling contractor) were identified during the arbitration process.
  • Island Drilling is a Norwegian Company with an experienced management team. The Innovator has conducted operations in the Norwegian and UK offshore sectors. These factors typically imply a strong commitment to safe operations.

Hopefully, we’ll be able to learn more about the specifics of this dispute in the near future.

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Hywind Scotland, Equinor

It’s prudent, if not imperative, to tow floating wind turbines to sheltered coastal locations for major maintenance. For that reason, Hywind, the world’s first floating wind farm will be offline for up to 4 months this summer.

Hywind Scotland‘s operator, Norwegian power giant Equinor, says that operational data has indicated that its wind turbines need work. The pilot project has been in operation since 2017.

The five Siemens Gamesa turbines will be towed to Norway this summer. An Equinor spokesperson said, “This is the first such operation for a floating farm, and the safest method to do this is to tow the turbines to shore and execute the operations in sheltered conditions.”

electrek

Published data indicate that Hywind has been the UK’s best performing offshore wind farm. Performance data for Hywind, and a chart illustrating the capacity factors since commissioning, are posted below. The 2024 capacity factor will, of course, be substantially reduced as a result of the essential offsite maintenance.

rolling 12 month capacity factor
ending 5/2022
life capacity
factor
age
(years)
installed
capacity
(MWp)
total elec
generated
(GWh)
power/
unit area spanned
(W/m2)
Hywind Scotland49.5%52.6%4.6306421.0
capacity factor = total energy generated/(hours since commissioning x capacity)

The first US floating turbines are expected to be at these California offshore leases, and Hywind operator Equinor is one of the lessees:

Given the financial challenges facing the offshore wind industry, the still emerging technology, and the risks inherent in California offshore development, the amounts bid on these leases only 13 months ago are stunning.

Some Central Coast residents are not enamoured with “another attempt to industrialize the coast.” Although the turbines will be >20 miles offshore, they will have to be towed to shore for major maintenance. For the Central California leases, nearby harbor areas like Morro Bay (pictured below) would be overwhelmed by the large structures and the maintenance and repair operations. Towing the towers to LA/Long Beach, albeit rather distant from the leases, would seem to be the preferred option for such work.

Ironically, a report for BOEM, points to synergies between the offshore wind industry and oil and gas decommissioning industry. Such synergies will only be possible if longstanding oil and gas decommissioning obstacles are satisfactorily addressed and the offshore wind projects proceed as planned.

Which will come first – platform decommissioning or wind turbine commissioning? For those young enough to find out, what is the over-under for the years until (1) half of those platforms are decommissioned, and (2) half of the wind turbines commissioned? Any number <10 is unrealistic for either.

Morro Bay Harbor

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The Gulf of Mexico and Norwegian branches of the offshore family have a long record of technological innovation and production leadership.

As a followup to our last GoM-Norway update, the respective oil production rates are presented below. The Gulf of Mexico now has a small edge as a result of new production from deepwater facilities.

Natural gas is a different story, and Norway’s offshore gas production is much higher. US gas production (second chart below) has been dominated by the onshore sector since advances in horizontal drilling and well stimulation procedures triggered the shale gas revolution twenty years ago.

If you get a chance to visit Stavanger, the Norwegian Oil Museum is highly recommended. See the short video below.

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