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Archive for the ‘accidents’ Category

… for their coverage of the Vineyard Wind turbine blade incident and their investigative reporting. From a recent Current article (emphasis added):

The technology may not be new, but the size and scale of the Haliade-X turbine is novel for the offshore wind industry. And these jumbo-sized turbines have only recently been installed in just two locations in the world within the last year – at Vineyard Wind off Nantucket, and the Dogger Bank Wind Farm off the northeast coast of England. The Haliade-X turbine blades – which are supposed to have at least a 25-year lifespan – have suffered failures in both locations.

At the Dogger Bank Wind Farm – which is being completed in three sections which combined will make up the largest offshore wind farm in the world – the first GE Vernova Haliade-X turbine was installed in the fall of 2023 and began producing power on Oct. 10. But little is known about the blade failure that occurred just months later during the first week of May 2024. The damaged blade was disclosed by Dogger Bank’s owners – SSE Renewables, Equinor, and Vårgrønn – a week after the incident. In a statement, the companies said only that “damage was sustained to a single blade on an installed turbine at Dogger Bank A offshore wind farm.”

One reason the turbine blade incident at the Dogger Bank may not have generated more attention at the time is that the wind farm is located 100 miles off the coast of England, rather than just the 15 miles in the case of Vineyard Wind and Nantucket. If any debris was generated, it would have a far wider area to disperse in before nearing land – if it made it that far at all.

Interestingly per the Current:

  • The Haliade-X turbine is the same one Orsted – a partner in Vineyard Wind – is planning to use for offshore wind farms slated for the waters off New Jersey and Maryland.
  • GE Vernova has allegedly refused to acknowledge responsibility for repairing the damaged turbines and generators in Oklahoma.
  • Land-based turbines have come apart in Sweden, Germany, Lithuania, Cypress, Brazil, and the US (and presumably elsewhere).

Greater transparency regarding turbine incidents, both in the US and internationally, is clearly needed. As we have learned from decades of experience with the oil and gas industry, most companies prefer reporting systems (if any) that protect details and information about the responsible parties from public disclosure. It’s the responsibility of the regulators to make sure that incident data and investigation reports are timely, complete, and publicly available. This is made more difficult by the promotional role that government agencies have assumed for offshore wind.

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link

The order comes as the bureau continues its oversight and investigation into the July 13, 2024, turbine generator blade failure. The order continues to prohibit Vineyard Wind 1 from generating electricity from any of the facilities or building any additional wind turbine generator towers, nacelles, or blades. This order also requires Vineyard Wind 1 to submit to BSEE an analysis of the risk to personnel and mitigation measures developed prior to personnel boarding any facility. Vineyard Wind 1 is not restricted from performing other activities besides those specifically directed for suspension or additional analysis. For example, Vineyard Wind 1 is still permitted to install inter-array cables and conduct surveys outside of the damaged turbine’s safety exclusion zone.” 

BSEE also advises that they are conducting their own investigation, and promises to release the findings to the public.

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GE Vernova’s SEC filing for the second quarter of 2024 is attached. The Vineyard Wind turbine blade incident, the main reason for the sharp decline in their stock value in mid-July, is described as follows:

VINEYARD WIND OFFSHORE WIND FARM. We are the manufacturer and supplier of turbines and blades and the installation contractor for Vineyard Wind 1 offshore wind farm in the Atlantic Ocean (Vineyard Wind), at which we have installed 24 of 62 Haliade-X 220m wind turbines to date. Subsequent to the period covered by this report, a wind turbine blade event occurred at Vineyard Wind. Debris from the blade was released into the Atlantic Ocean and some has washed ashore on nearby beaches. On July 15, 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) issued a suspension order to cease power production and the installation of new wind turbines at the project site, pending an investigation of the event. As of the date of the filing of this report, we are currently engaged in a root cause analysis of the incident. We do not have an indication as to when BSEE will modify or lift its suspension order. Under our contractual arrangement with the developer of Vineyard Wind, we may receive claims for damages, including liquidated damages for delayed completion, and other incremental or remedial costs. These amounts could be significant and adversely affect our cash collection timelines and contract profitability. We are currently unable to reasonably estimate what impact the event, any potential claims, or the related BSEE order would have on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows

GE is also being sued by American Electric Power (AEP) for breach of contract and breach of warranty on turbine purchases for wind projects in Oklahoma:

Within only two to three years of commercial operation, the GE wind turbine generators have exhibited numerous material defects on major components and experienced several complete failures, at least one turbine blade liberation event, and other deficiencies,” alleged AEP.

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Quotes from Nantucket Current article (emphasis added):

“While we continue to work to finalize our root cause analysis, our investigation to date indicates that the affected blade experienced a manufacturing deviation,” said GE Vernova CEO Scott Strazik. “We have not identified information indicating an engineering design flaw in the blade or information of a connection with the blade event we experienced at an offshore wind project in the UK, which was caused by an installation error out at sea. We are working with urgency to scrutinize our operations across offshore wind. Pace matters here. But we are going to be thorough, instead of rushed.”

“It’s been 11 days since the event, and just to reinforce from the start, we have no indications of an engineering design flaw,” Strazik said. “We have identified a material deviation or a manufacturing deviation in one of our factories that, through the inspection or quality assurance process, we should have identified. Because of that, we’re going to use our existing data and reinspect all of the blades we’ve made for offshore wind. For context, this factory in Gaspé, Canada where the material deviation existed we’ve made about 150 blades. 

Any comments from the CVA, assuming there was one?

Meanwhile, Nantucket will renegotiate their “Good Neighbor Agreement” with Vineyard Wind. Is this a lesson for other municipalities?

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GE Vernova retained Arcadis US, Inc., to perform an initial assessment of environmental considerations associated with the presence of the blade debris in the water and along the shoreline. That report is attached. Linked is a Nantucket Current article on the assessment.

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Aquinnah Wampanoag chairwoman Cheryl Andrews-Maltais

In the aftermath of a broken turbine blade off their coast, the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) is calling for a moratorium on all offshore wind development in the United States until further research can be done on the impact of wind farm construction. 

In a letter to BSEE Director Kevin Sligh, Aquinnah Wampanoag chairwoman Cheryl Andrews-Maltais:

  • expressed “strong concerns and outrage” over the fractured Vineyard Wind turbine blade and the debris that washed ashore on Nantucket.
  • said the foam and fiberglass debris have “potential negative and adverse impact[s]” on the environment, marine life, and human health.
  • said fragments in the water pose a threat to shellfish, which are a crucial part of both the marine food web and also ingested by humans.
  • commented that the potential contamination of shellfish with fiberglass and other materials could have severe consequences for human consumption and public health.
  • criticized the lack of communication from federal officials to the tribe.
  • called for an “immediate stoppage” of offshore wind construction in U.S. waters until they can be evaluated for microfractures and other damages.

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Nantucket Current photo: damaged Vineyard Wind turbine

Pasted below is an excerpt from the BOEM letter waiving the“pay as you build” financial assurance requirement for the Vineyard Wind project.

Comments on the 3 risk reduction factors cited in the letter:

Factor 1: Those “robust insurance policies” may soon be tested given the costs associated with the turbine blade incident and potential law suits. (The notice pasted below informs that Nantucket officials will meet on Tuesday to consider litigation. A question for attorneys is the extent to which Nantucket is compromised by their good “Good Neighbor Agreement” with Vineyard Wind. That agreement essentially calls on Nantucket to promote the Vineyard Wind projects in return for payments that seem modest relative to the economic benefits from tourism and fishing.)

Factor 2: To the extent that GE Vernova Haliade-X 13 megawatt turbines are proven technology (and that is very much in doubt), the use of proven technology doesn’t prevent premature abandonment associated with unexpected incidents.

Factor 3: Reliable power generation and predictable long-term income remain to be demonstrated.

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Nantucket Current photo: Vineyard Wind turbine AW38 with a damaged blade that has caused thousands of pieces of debris to wash ashore on Nantucket since Tuesday.

Vineyard Wind statement (7/18):

  • “This morning, a significant part of the remaining GE Vernova blade detached from the turbine. Maritime crews were onsite overnight preparing to respond to this development, though current weather conditions create a difficult working environment.”
  • We are staying apprised of GE Vernova’s efforts to manage the situation, including the removal and recovery of the remaining blade attached to the turbine.”
  • Staying apprised? As operator, Vineyard Wind is fully responsible. This is their situation to manage.

BSEE statement:

  • BSEE has ordered Vineyard Wind to suspend power production and wind turbine generator construction.
  • Kudos to BSEE for their decisive and timely action. They need to better understand what happened before allowing operations and construction to continue.
  • Imagine the pressure on the regulator if the project was providing a significant portion of the region’s electricity.
  • BSEE’s comment that there has been “no harm to any marine resources or mammals from the incident” is premature given the extensive marine debris and the associated risks to mammals.

What about the CVA?

  • The regulations at 30 CFR § 285.707-712 assign important responsibilities to Certified Verification Agents (CVAs), independent third parties with established technical expertise. These responsibilities include detailed reviews of the design, fabrication, and installation plans.
  • Oddly, the CVA’s “Statement of Qualifications” and “Scope of Work and Verification Plan” have been redacted in their entirety from Vineyard Wind’s Construction and Operations Plan (COP) (see Appendix I-C and I-D).
  • Who was the CVA and why was that important information redacted?
  • Were any of the CVA requirements waived per 258.705?

BOEM:

  • Will BOEM, the lessor and Federal wind program manager, be making a statement? Will they be reassessing their COP review procedures?
  • BOEM should temper their over-the-top promotion of offshore wind. The complete shutdown of the first utility scale offshore wind farm heightens public concerns about the intermittency of this power source, and the need for reliable backup sources.

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In the wake of the Vineyard Wind turbine blade incident, it’s important to note that marine debris is a significant risk factor for mammals. This is a particular concern for baleen whales, like the endangered right whale, which filter large amounts of water. Per NOAA:

Marine Mammals: Many species of marine mammals have also been confirmed to eat marine debris. A review by Kühn and van Franeker found that 69 species of marine mammals have been found to ingest debris – that’s 56% of all marine mammals! This includes 44 species of odontocetes (toothed whales), manatees, and multiple seal species. Marine mammals are highly protected, which can make it difficult to research them. Most research on marine mammals takes place after an animal dies, making it difficult to understand what marine debris live animals eat. However, we do know that because baleen whales filter extremely large amounts of water while feeding, they may get plastic debris entangled in their baleen plates. 

An Argentinian study describes the “finding of plastic litter in the digestive tract of a southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) juvenile male, which was found dead on the shores of Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina in 2014.”

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Nantucket Current photo

Appropriate response by BSEE.

Late Tuesday afternoon, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement said all operations are shut down until further notice.

“A team of BSEE experts is onsite to work closely with Vineyard Wind on an analysis of the cause of the incident and next steps,” the agency said in a statement.  

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