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Posts Tagged ‘drilling’

Click to read the full “Oil Budget” report (just released).

The vast majority of the oil from the BP oil spill has either evaporated or been burned, skimmed, recovered from the wellhead or dispersed – much of which is in the process of being degraded.

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I awoke to an email message from Odd Finnestad linking the BP announcement.  It’s only fitting that Odd delivered the news. He and I have been following Montara and Macondo on a daily basis since August 21, 2009, the day the Montara well blew out in the Timor Sea.  A few thoughts:

  • The real end date for the blowout was July 15th, when the containment cap shut-in the well.  It was an uncertain ending with the capping described as a temporary integrity test and talk about re-opening well vents. Fortunately, good judgement and common sense prevailed, and the well remained shut-in.
  • The efforts to prevent recurrence can now proceed with fewer distractions. It’s difficult to calmly address the issues while video images of oil gushing into the Gulf are being broadcast worldwide.
  • We need to do more than react to Macondo, and every offshore operator and contractor needs to be involved. Only 20% of Gulf of Mexico operators attended a critical industry-government hurricane conference after Katrina and Rita.  (No, I’m not going to stop ranting about this!)
  • Industry needs to look at EVERY aspect of offshore operations, not just the drilling issues associated with Macondo.  Fixing what happened at Macondo doesn’t prevent production, pipeline, and other types of drilling disasters.  Helicopter safety, lifting operations, and workplace safety issues also need to be further addressed.
  • This is a major effort and everyone needs to participate.  If you aren’t committed to improving overall safety performance, in the US and worldwide, you shouldn’t be in the business.

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In the less than 3 week period since Macondo was capped, we have transitioned from “doom and gloom” to “all is well.”  What next?

Click to read an interesting USA Today article.

“Oil doesn’t really kill marsh plants,” says John Pardue, director of Louisiana State University’s Hazardous Substance Research Center, who has studied the effects of oil on marshes. “You can put several inches of oil on the vegetation surface and you won’t kill the plants.”

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As promised in “Deepwater is Not the Problem,” comparative performance data for surface and seafloor BOPs follow.  Every study and informal review that I have seen has indicated that subsea BOPs are more reliable than surface BOPs. These data are not surprising.  Because of the time and cost involved in pulling and repairing subsea stacks, preventive maintenance programs tend to be more comprehensive.

The studies cited below were completed 10+ years ago, but to the best of my knowledge the conclusions are still valid.  If there are any more recent studies, BOE would like to hear about them.

West Engineering Chart

West Engineering Paper

Recent data indicate surface BOP reliability is only one-tenth that of subsea BOP equipment.

Tertrahedron Study

Subsea BOPs have smaller failure rate than surface BOPs.

SINTEF study: This study is limited to seafloor stacks, and shows there is no difference between failure rates for deepwater and ultra-deepwater wells.

(For wells in >400 m WD) It seems that there is no correlation at all between the failure rate and the downtime related to the water depth.

SINTEF

Sintef Subsea BOP Reliability Study (click to enlarge)


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In the Gulf of Mexico, deepwater drilling is more risky because that is where the high-rate wells are, not because the water is deep.
  • Water depth had little to do with the well integrity problems at Macondo. Similar errors in planning and execution would have yielded similar results in any water depth or on land.  Has Montara already been forgotten?
  • Subsea BOP stacks have a much better performance record than the surface stacks used in shallow water drilling (more on this later in the week).
  • Historical data indicate that blowouts occur less frequently in deep water, not more frequently (more to follow).
  • Obviously, blowouts involving high-rate wells are likely to do more damage.   This applies regardless of the water depth.   You can reduce the spill risk by prohibiting drilling in the areas with the highest production potential, but that wouldn’t be very sound energy policy and you won’t find many buyers for the leases.
  • It is safer to conduct intervention and capping operations on subsea wells.  Regulators would not even allow surface capping to be considered at Montara because of the high risk to workers.  The subsurface ROV work is perhaps the biggest Macondo success story.
  • If the Macondo well was in shallow water (with the wellhead above the water surface), and well integrity concerns precluded a risky surface capping operation, how would the flow have been contained and collected?
  • Other things being equal, the environmental risk is less at deepwater locations which tend to be farther from shore.

Water depth is just one well planning consideration.  Abnormal pressures and temperatures, shallow gas, hydrogen sulfide, ice, permafrost, storms, currents, extended reach targets, and horizontal completions are some of the others.  To prevent another Macondo, in the US or anywhere else in the world, we need to focus our attention on the 3 categories of issues listed below.  These issues are important in all water depths and in all environments.

  1. Well integrity including design, construction, barriers, verification, and monitoring.
  2. BOPE performance and reliability under all conditions.
  3. Capping, containing, and collecting oil in the event of a blowout.

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Energy Training and Resources Macondo Well Diagram

A former colleague sent me a link to this comprehensive ETR report on Macondo.  The report provides a good primer on drilling and the issues associated with the blowout. Nicely done!

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link

Exxon, Shell, Chevron Corp. and ConocoPhilips will each give $250 million to establish a non-profit organization, the Marine Well Containment Co., to produce and manage the equipment. The system will be designed and built over the next 12 to 18 months to handle spills of 100,000 barrels a day in waters as deep as 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), the companies said in a statement yesterday.

Comments:

  1. Excellent and necessary initiative.
  2. Will other GoM operators participate?  Unless they can provide a similar capability, they will probably have no choice.
  3. It may be difficult to manage a capability that will probably (hopefully) never be used?  Realistic simulations and drills will be critical.
  4. Could major components of this capability be used for other purposes?  Colin Leach has suggested that an FPSO (Cascade-Chinook?) might provide the necessary collection and processing capability.  Such an FPSO could be promptly relocated to the site of a blowout.
  5. More on this later, but there are advantages to a seafloor blowout (as opposed to a blowout from a surface wellhead), particularly from a safety standpoint.  Also, seafloor BOPE has a better historicial performance record than surface BOPE.  This new capability will address the major subsea well deficiencies –  intervention, containment, and collection. 
  6. I don’t think surface wellheads should be left out of the picture.  A surface capping operation on a platform or jack-up rig is far from a slam dunk, and is more hazardous than a subsurface capping operation.
  7. Well integrity is, of course, critical to the success of any well containment operation, and that should be the primary area of consideration for all offshore operators.

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Platts has an interesting report on yesterday’s hearing:

Guide said the decision to use a long string of casing instead of a liner
was made because it provided better long-term well bore integrity, not because a liner would have cost an additional $7 million to $10 million. He said the liner would have added only one additional barrier in the well.
  John Guide, BP’s Well Team Leader 

Comment:  One additional barrier is very significant when you only have 2 others and there are issues with the primary barrier (production casing cement).

Jason Mathews, a BOEM panel member, asked Guide if he knew that in the past year, Schlumberger had been brought to rigs 74 times for cement bond logs, and only three times they had been sent away without doing the logs; in two instances BP, sent the crews away.

Comment: Interesting statistic; good research by Jason and the BOEMRE team.

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We believe that we should not start the static kill operation until we have installed the last liner run in the bottom of the relief well.  Admiral Allen

Comment: This is understandable given the potential for communication between the 2 wells at or near the reservoir level.

– There has been some media talk about allowing the well to flow during a possible hurricane evacuation.  I don’t see any direct quotes from Admiral Allen that specifically say that, so I hope these media reports are inaccurate.  As indicated in previous posts, this is an unnecessary measure that could be viewed as irresponsible.

-Safety Leadership has been a major emphasis of drilling contractor training programs in recent years.  Transocean’s program is summarized here.  Safety leaders create an environment in which each employee is comfortable raising any and all concerns without fear of repercussions.  Safety leaders are also encouraged to raise safety issues with the companies that contract their rigs.  Judging by comments at the BOEMRE-CG Macondo hearings, some DWH employees were not comfortable raising safety concerns to their supervisors or the operator.   During the Montara blowout hearings, there was evidence of similar reluctance on the part of contract employees.   Drilling and other contractors need to take a close look at their Safety Leadership programs and find out why these entrenched attitudes persist.

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Most recently, tensions flared as BP made plans to lower its newly designed cap onto the gushing well. Last Thursday, when the cap appeared to stop the oil, all weren’t happy at the Houston crisis center. Instead, a squabble broke out between government scientists and BP engineers.

LINK.

Which of the official investigations will look at the important interactions among Unified Command participants and the effectiveness of the decisionmaking procedures?

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